Centromeres are large chromosome domains that organize and regulate chromosome movement. They contain thousands of simple repeated sequences and hundreds of RNA-based transposable elements, all of which are difficult to sequence and manipulate in the laboratory. Despite these challenges, mammalian centromeric DNA has been exploited to create 'artificial chromosomes' that can carry long segments of engineered DNA. Artificial chromosomes could also have widespread applications in agriculture. For instance, entire biochemical pathways or multiple disease resistances could be introduced simultaneously. The experiments carried out under this award will fill major gaps in our understanding of plant centromeres and build the foundation for creating artificial chromosomes in maize and rice. The resulting information will be distributed through online resources and published articles that are readily available in the public domain.
To expand training opportunities in plant genetics, two new programs will be initiated. One will combine existing on-campus minority involvement programs and establish a plant biology genomics focus at the University of Georgia. Hands-on training in plant cytogenetics will also be offered through an Annual Cytogenetics Training Workshop (ACTW) at the University of Wisconsin. The ACTW will provide training in fluorescent in situ hybridization,immunolocalization, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and other advanced techniques necessary for chromosome-based research.
